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I. This
lesson introduces you to the main verb and its various forms
progressive (present and past). There is no difference in present progressive
and present indefinite in Kashmiri.
A. In
Kashmiri, the verb bases like par khe ce, etc., are used as the imperatives as
well. Some of the verbs used are:
|
beh
[beha:n] |
par
[para:n] |
|
ro:z [ro:za:n] |
kar [kara:n] |
|
khe [kheva:n] |
ce
[ceva:n] |
B.
Vocabulary used
|
va:ray |
O.K. |
ahnu: |
yes (non
hon) |
|
vala: |
come (imp) |
bihu: |
sit down (imp) |
|
para:n |
reading |
chukh |
you are |
|
osus |
I was |
ciTh’ |
letter |
|
ro:za:n |
living |
dil |
Delhi |
|
karun |
to do |
Tre:ning |
training |
|
yeti |
here |
brõh |
before/earlier |
|
von’ |
now |
DaakTar |
doctor |
|
ca:y |
tea |
te:l vor |
a type of bakery |
|
d>d |
milk |
teli |
then |
|
yimI |
I will come |
A:sha kArith |
with pleasure |
|
ha: |
address term
(informal) |
sha:man |
in the evening |
|
p>phtIr beni |
cousin (father’s
sister’s daughter) |
|
|
II.
Listen to the conversation of two friends
|
ada:b
Nazir sA:b |
Adaab,
Nazir Sahib. |
| Nazir: |
ada:b.k’ho: va:ray |
Adaab. How are you? |
|
ahnu: va:ray. |
yes, okay. |
| Nazir: |
vala: bihu: |
Come sit. |
|
tsI k’a chukh
para:n ? |
What are you
reading? |
| Nazir: |
bI o:sus ciTh’
para:n |
I was reading a
letter. |
|
yi kAm’sIz ciTh’
cha ? |
Whose letter is
this? |
| Nazir: |
yi chi
m’a:ni p>phtIri bene nanIn’ ciTh’ |
This
is my cousin Nana’s letter. |
|
s> kati cha
ro:zan ? |
Where is she living? |
| Nazir: |
s> chadili
ro:za:n |
She is living in
Delhi. |
|
s> k’ah
cha kara:n ? |
What is she doing ? |
| Nazir: |
s> chi
Tre:ni~g kara:n |
She is doing
training. |
|
s> A:s na:
yeti para:n ? |
Was she not studying
here? |
| Nazir: |
s>A:s brõh
yeti: para:n
magar v>n’ chas> dili
Da:rTari: kara:n |
She was studying
here previously, but now she is studying medicine in Delhi. |
|
tsI chukha: sha:man
ca:y ceva:n? |
Do you take
tea in evening? |
| Nazir: |
bI o:sus brõh
ceva:n magar v>n’ chus bI sha:man d>d ceva:n tI
te:lvor kheva:n. |
I was taking
previously, but now I take milk in the evening with
the baked bread (telwor). |
|
acha: teli yimI bI
sha:man |
Okay then, I will
come in the evening. |
| Nazir: |
ha: yisA A:sha:
kArith |
Yes, do come with
pleasure. |
III.
Listen and repeat
1.
k’ho: va:ray chukha: ?
2. tsI
k’ya chukh para:n ?
3. bI
o:sus ciTh’ para:n
4. s>
kati cha ro:za:n ?
5. s>
cha dili ro:za:n
6. s>
A:s brõh yeti para:n
7. tsI
chukha: sha:man ca:y ceva:n ?
8. acha:
! teli yimI bI sha:man
9. yisA
A:sha: kArith
IV.
Listen to the modes of address and greeting
|
salamva:laykum
(sala:m) |
Geeting
word |
|
namaska:r |
Greeting word |
|
a:da:b |
Greeting word |
|
va:ray chukha: ? |
Are you O.K.? |
|
va:ray chiva: ? |
Are you (hon) O.K.? |
|
khArIy cha: ? |
Are you O.K.? |
|
bADiv
bhagva:nas hava:lI |
You may leave,
God bless you. |
|
shukriya |
Thanks. |
| 
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